Dovetail, tenon, and mortise.



No. 850,889. l PATENTED APR. 16,' 1907.

W. D. KELLY. DGVETAIL, T ENON, AND MORTISE.'n

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1906.

a l In a 4or." lll" Illllg |g||| m@ 0% v 10.850.8'8-9. l lPA'JILMLD APR. 16, 1907.

W. n. KELLY. l

DOVLTAIL, TENON, AND MORTISB.

APPLICATION HLLD Nov. e. 1906.

UNITED sTATns AAAPATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM I). KELLY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DOVETAIL, TENON, AND IVICRTISE.

Specification of Letters Fatent.

Patented April 16, 1907.

Original application filed August 27, 1906, Serial No. 332,186. Divided and this application filed November 6,1906. Serial No. 342.249.

To @ZZ whom 'llt 'may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. KELLY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Dovetails, Tenons, and Mortises, of which the following is a specification, the same being a division of m application, Serial No. 332,186, filed August 27, 1906.

' The making of what are known or termed dovetails,7 blind tenons, anc mortises and other tenons and Inortises in the ends of boards or strips of wood for uniting the same is attained, at the present time, with considerable labor and expense, and this is particularly true of dovetails which, if made by hand, require great skill and precision and waste of time and if made by machines employing saws or cutters the walls are more or less out of true, especially the bottom wall, so that a close and perfect fit of the tenon into the mortise is not obtained, requiring for fine work an inlling around the tenon in the mortises.

The object of the present invention is to form tenons and mortises, and particularly dovetails, in such manner as to produce straight and uniform walls, by which a close, tight, and perfect fit will be obtained without any waste of material in making the mortise, and the invention consists in a tenon having straight side walls and a straight baseewall vand having the mortise formed by in-driving the Inortise-section bodily into the fibers of the wood below the baseline of the tenon, in a blind tenon having straight side walls and a straight base-wall for the mortises formed by in-driving the mortisesection bodily into the fibers vof the wood below the base-line of the tenon for the indriven portions to be thrust into the fibers of the body, and in a tenon having the mortise formed by in-driving the section therefor between the tenons bodily into the fiber of the wood, and in the formation of doven tails, blind tenons, and mortises and other tenons and mortises hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims as new.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a piece or strip of wood with the tenons and mortises formed in neach end thereof by in-driving the section of the wood occupied by the Inortise bodily into the fibers of the wood; Fig. 2, a sectional face view,

partly broken away on one side, showing the construction of the tenons and mortises as in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a sectional edge elevation of the piece or strip of wood and the mortise therein; Fig. 4, a perspective view of a piece or strip of wood, showing tenons and morktises formed in each end thereof by in-driving the section occupied by the mortise bodily into the fibers of the wood, Fig.- 4 showing an open mortise and Figs. 2 and 3 showing a blind mortise; Fig. 5, a sectional elevation fixed die and a backing-plate with the movable die in its elevated position, by means of which dies and backing-plate the tenons and mortises formed as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and '4 can be made; Fig. 6, a similar view to Fig. 5, with the dies in position they ocoupy at the completion of the operation of forming the tenons and mortises, Fig. 7, a front elevation, partly in section, of the dies and their supports and the backing block or plate for the piece or strip of wood; Fig. 8, a perspective view of one of the dies, and Fig. 9 a perspective view of the companion die when two dies are'employed for simultaneously forming the tenons and mortises in each end of the strip lor piece of wood.

The construction shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 has blind dovetails in each end of the piece or strip of wood, and the construction shown in Fig. 4 has open dovetails ineach end of the piece or strip of wood; but other forms of tenons and mortises than dovetails can .be made or formed with the present invention so long as the construction is of a nature that will enable the section occupied by the mortise to be in-driven bodily and occupy a space below the base-line of the tenon. The form shown in Fig. 4, having open mortises, is made by in-driving the sections occupied by the mortises on both faces of the strip or piece of wood and then centrally separating the strip, so as to furnish in each separated section one or more open mortises.

rIhe tenon and mortise is formed by bodily driving the mortise-section of the wood into the fiber of the main portion of the wood below the base-line of the tenon or mortise, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and each tenon or mortise can be formed separately by use of a suitable die, or a plurality of tenons and mortises can be simultaneously formed in the end of the piece or strip of wood, and when formed in accordance with the present invention the tenon and mortise produced i will have the mortise with straight side walls of a machine having a movable die and a` IOO lIC

and a straight uninterrupted base-wall and without any protuberance or out-bulging of the material to any appreciable extent at the line of the mortise from the mortisesection iii-driven into the iibers of the wood below the base-line ofthe tenon or mortise.

The block or strip of wood 1 can be of any desired length, width, and thickness and can have formed in both of its ends 2 a single tenon or a plurality of tenons 3 and a single mortise orv a plurality or mortises 4, and the section 5 occupied by the mortise in the original -condition of the strip or piece of woodis in-driven and impacted into the fibers of the main portion of the wood below the base-line of the tenon and mortise, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The formation of the mortise or mortises is attained without the removal of any portion or sectionof the body of the piece or strip of wood, as that section of the wood naturally occupying the space of the mortise is driven bodily and directly into the fiber of the wood below the base-line of the tenons and mortises, and this section ofwood so driven into the liber will be impacted and coalesced with the body of the wood and not forced outward, so as to present an unsightly protuberance or swell, and the mortise or mortises when completed 'will have straight side walls and a straight base-wall without break or interruption in the base-wall and with` the walls perfect, so that ,when two pieces or strips are united no openings will appear and a close perfect joint will be obtained.

The forming of the mortise or mortises is attained by the use of a die having lips or punches of the proper outline for the shape of the mortise or mortises. The die should be given a powerful or forcible stroke, by whichfthe section of the wood for the mortise or mortises is driven bodily into the fiber of the main portion of the wood below the baseline of the tenen and mortise and so as to produce the mortise or mortises without cutting out the section'of wood occupied by the mortise or mortises. The die with the lips or punches thereon can be operated by hand or` by a suitable press, or otherwise, so long as the die is given a powerful or forcible stroke or thrust suflicient to in-drive the section for the mortise or mortises bodily into fiber` of the wood. l

A- diesuitable for formingy a plurality of tenons and mortises in the end of a piece or strip of wood is shownin Fig. 8 and consists of a plurality of lips or punches 6 with openings or. spaces 7 between them, the lips or punches and the openings having the requisite contour to produce dovetails. The construction shown has lips or punches 6 and openings or spaces7 in number suflicient to form three mortises and two tenons but' lips or punches with openings or spaces can be arranged to form a single mortise or to form a tenon and two mortises, and by employing dies having lips or punches for making one mortise or two mortises or three mortises the number of mortises can be increased to any number desired by moving the strip and using a die with three lips or punches, and a die with a single lip or punch to produce four mortises and with a die having lips or punches for three mortises, and a die having lips or punches for two mortises Vlive mortises can be produced, and so on, by using the proper dies to increase the number of mortises above three.

The die of Fig. 8 has the lips or punches 6 integral with or suitably united to a wall or block S, and the wall or block 8 extends beyond the end face of the lips -or punches and forms a guard or jaw 9 to abut against the face of the board or strip and prevent outbulging of the iii-driven section of wood for the mortise. The wall or block 8 is formed integrally with or suitably united to a plate 10, having at each end an ear 1,1 for attaching the die as a whole to a supporting crosshead. The die as a whole is attached by screws or bolts 12 and 13 to the face of' the cross-head in a recess 14, formed in the base, as shownin Fig. 8, and the cross-head 15, as shown', has a stem 16 for attachment of the cross-head of a diefto the movable head of a suitable press or for receiving the blow by which the lips or punches are in-drivenijnto the end ofthe strip or piece of wood.

The die shown in F ig. 8 will perform the required work; but in order to simultaneously form the tenons and mortises in both ends of the strip or piece of wood a companion die (shownin Fig. 9) is employed. The companion die has lips or punches 17 with openings or spaces 18 between them, corresponding ,to the lips or punches and the openings or spaces in the die of Fig. 8. Thelips or punches 18 are formed integral 'with or suitably united to a wall or block 19, and, as shown, the edge of the wall or block 19 projects beyond the ends of the lips or punches and forms a guard 20, against which the face of the board or strip of wood abuts for the jaw or guard 20to prevent out-bulging of the in-driven section of the wood formingy the mortise. The wall or block 19 is attached by screws 21- to a plate 22, formedintegral with or suitably secured to a plate 23, having a fixed support in the construction shown in `igs. 5, 6, and 7. The two dies in use are located in line with each other, and when the dies are operated by a press or other power a backijngplate 24 is located between the two dies, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, and this backing-plate at its upper end in the arrangement shown has a stripping-plate 25 vto engage the piece or strip of wood and enable the movable die to withdraw the lips or punches after completing the mortises. The

IOS

backing-plate 24, as shown in Fig. 7, has on one edge a guide or rest 26, attached to the backing-plate by bolts 27, passing through slots 28 in the backing-plate, so that the guide or rest 26 can be properly adjusted for the mortise or mortises to be formed in the ends of the strip or piece of wood; but, if desired, the guide or rest could be formed with the backing-plate. The backing-plate has a flange 29, by means of which and suitable bolts 30 the backing-plate is attached to the supporting-plate 23 in the construction shown.

A stripping-plate 31 is pro vided for the die having the punches 17, which strippingplate has tongues 32 and openings 33 to receive, respectively, the openings or spaces and the lips or punches of the die, and this strippinglate 31 when in normal position is located for its upper face. to lie above the upper plane or face of the lips or punches, as shown in Fig. 7. Arod 34 depends from each end of the stripping-plate 31, passing through holes 35 in the plate 23, and each rod is connected or attached to or rests on a cross bar or rod 36, which cross rod or bar is arranged to engage with a notch or recess 37 in a bar 38, attached at one end by a pin or pivot 39 between ears 40, depending from the under side of the plate 23, so that the free end ofthe bar 38 can rise and fall. The free end of the bar 38 has passing therethrough the end of a rod 41, which rod eX- tends through a hole 42 in the plate 23 and flange 29, and its lower end is threaded and receives an adjusting-nut 43, and its upper end is threaded and receives a stop-nut 44 and is entered into a cross-plate 45, attached. to the under side of the head 46 of a press.

The rod 41 connects the bar or arm 38 with the head 46 of the press, so that the bar or arm 38 is raised with the upwardmovement of the head of the press and is lowered with the downward movement of the head of the press. The depressing or lowering of the bar or arm 38 releases the support for the rod 36, leaving the stripping-plate 31 free to descend with the end of the strip or block of wood, so that the lips or punches 17 can act and form the mortises, and when raised the bar or arm 38 engages the rod 36 and lifts the stripping-plate 31 into normal position, and the return of the stripping-plate 31 to normal position raises the block or strip of wood into position for removal. A

The dies, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, are arranged for use with a press, which press can be of any suitable construction, having a movable head 46, operated by an eccentric or cam in any well-known manner. rlhe head 46 has a socket 47 to receive the stem 16 of the cross-head 15, and the stem is held in position by a set-screw 48, passing through a boss 49, formed on the head of the press. The plate 23 is attached in the arrangement shown to the table 50 of the press by means of bolts 52 and 53, and, as shown, the bolt 53 attaches a plate 54, having a guide edge oru flange 55, forming a stop for the edge of the piece or strip of wood at the lower end thereof.

The operation with the dies arranged as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 is as follows: The dies are adjusted at the required distance apart for the lengthendwise of the piece or strip of wood to be operated upon, and when adjusted the piece or strip of wood is entered between the punches 6 and 17, with the punches 6 above and clear of the end of the piece or strip of wood and 'the punches 17 engaging the end of the piece or strip of wood. The piece or strip of wood 1 is held against the backing-plate 24 and the side guide or rest 26,- and when in position the die with the punches 6 is forced downwardly, and this movement of the punches 6 causes the unches .6 and the punches 17 to engage the ends of the board or strip, so that when the die with the punches 6 is given a forcible thrust the sections occupying the spaces for the mortises 'will be driven at both ends of the strip or piece of wood forcibly into the fiber of the body of the wood below the base-line of the tenons and mortises, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The two dies act simultaneously in forming the mortises in both ends of the piece or strip of wood, and with the completion of the thrust ofthe movable die the `mortises in both ends of the.

piece or strip of wood will be formed. The return of the movable die to normal position through the stripping-plates 25 and 31 releases the tenons and mortises from the two dies, so lthat the piece or strip of wood can be readily removed by the operator. The parts when in position for removal of the completed piece or strip of wood are in position for the entering of another piece or strip ofl wood to be operated on by the dies and the operation can be repeated until the required number of pieces or strips of wood have been operated upon.

While the dies are shown in connection with a vertical press, it is not the intention thereby to limit their use with such a press, since a horizontal press can be used 'or the dies can be used with any machine that will forcethe dies powerfully against the ends of the piece or strip of wood, and the die 'in Fig. 8 could be used by itself in connection with a suitable driving maul or hammer operated by hand or otherwise.

It will be understood that the gist of the present invention is forming tenons and mortises, either dovetails or other forms, by in-driving the mortise-section bodily into the fiber of the woodfand this Whether the lip or punch for making the mortise is operated by power or by hand.

What l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A tenon having straight side walls and a TOO IIO

straight basewall for the mortise comprising the material originally occupying the mortise-space but which is compressed bodily into the '[ibers of the Wood below the baseline of the tenon, substantially as described.

2. A blind tenon having straight side Walls and a straight base-Wall for the mortise comprising the material originally occupying the mortise-space but which is compressed bodily into the fibers of the Wood below the baseline of the tenon and having the irl-driven portion thrust into the fibers of the body of theWood, substantially as described.

3. A blind tenon having the mortise one wall of which comprises the material originally occupying the mortise-space but Which is compressed bodily into the fiber oi' the Wood, the tenon and mortise having straight side Walls and a straight-faced ledge at the base on each side for the base-Wall of the mortise, substantially as described.

4. A tenon having the mortise one Wall of Which comprises the material originally occupying the mortise-space but whichl is compressed bodily into the iiber of the Wood, the l tenon and mortise having straight side Walls and a straight-'faced ledge at the base on each side for the base-wall of the mortise, substantially as described.

5. A dovetail having the mortise one Wall of which comprises the material originally occupying the mortise-space but which is compressed bodily into the-ber of` the Wood, the dovetail tenon and mortise having straight side Walls and a straight-facedbase-Wall.

6. A blinddovetailand mortise one Wall of which comprises the material originally occupying the mortise-spaoe but which is compressed bodily into the fiber of the Wood, the tenon and mortise havingI straight side Walls and a straight flush base-wall, substantially as described.

7. A tenon and. mortise on each side thereof, each mortise having straightside Walls and a straight base-Wall the base-Wall comprising the material originally occupying the mortise-space but which is compressed bodily into the fibers of the Wood below the base-line of the tenon, substantially as described.

WILLIAM D. KELLY. 

